China’s Rise Through Education: From Cheap Labor to a Tech Giant

Your ads will be inserted here by

Easy Plugin for AdSense.

Please go to the plugin admin page to
Paste your ad code OR
Suppress this ad slot.

Once known as the land of cheap labor, China has transformed itself into one of the world’s largest technology producers. But what lies behind this monumental transformation? The key is China’s approach to education—not merely as a tool for personal achievement, but as the cornerstone of national development. Strategic investments, visionary policies, and an unparalleled focus on education have been the driving forces that shifted China from copying to creating innovation. Let’s take a closer look at the education system driving this transformation.

In August 2013, I moved to Shanghai after receiving a job offer. Having lived here for over a decade, I’ve been deeply involved in education as an adjunct professor and certified lecturer at some of China’s leading universities and business schools. Alongside teaching intensive courses that combine theory with industry applications, I’ve also pursued entrepreneurial endeavors. My journey has been a blend of research and active participation in education. During holidays, I often backpack to remote villages across China, stepping into classrooms in rural schools, meeting teachers, and even sitting with students to experience their world firsthand. I also explored education systems in many Asian countries and the West in the same way.

I can confidently say that I have never seen another society as invested in education as China. While education is important in many countries, the collective awareness and prioritization of education in China are truly unique.

Educational investments in China (not as an expense, but seen as an investment —this distinction matters) are the foundation of household economics. Far from being a luxury, education is a necessity that has solidified its place over generations. One of the most striking things I learned early on was how Chinese families pour generational wealth into their children’s education. Even in the remotest villages, I encountered young children speaking English with British or American accents—proof of how dedicated their families are. This investment begins at birth and intensifies until students complete their high school education.

Kindergarten Education in China

When a child turns three, they begin kindergarten, embarking on an educational marathon that includes private lessons, summer schools, music, sports, and coding academies. Kindergarten continues until the age of six.

Preschool education holds great importance in Chinese society. Although kindergarten is not mandatory within the education system, cultural values have led families to view it as an integral part of foundational education.

In China, public kindergartens managed by state institutions offer standardized and affordable educational services. Over the past 17 years, the Chinese government has allocated only 1.3–1.4% of the national education budget to preschool education, opening the door for private kindergartens. These private institutions, which charge higher fees, typically cater to middle- and upper-class families, providing high-quality and differentiated educational options.

According to the Ministry of Education’s annual report, the number of kindergartens decreased by 14,808 in 2023, dropping to 274,400—a reflection of the country’s declining birth rate. Despite this, the enrollment rate for children aged 3–5 increased by 1.4% compared to the previous year, reaching 91.1%.

So, what kind of education do kindergartens in China provide? Most kindergartens in China provide bilingual education in Chinese and English, with Confucian principles playing a central role. Additionally, Chinese kindergartens cater to both local and international families, offering diverse educational options.

 

Local Chinese kindergartens primarily focus on traditional Chinese educational values, emphasizing discipline, collaboration, community awareness, and responsibility. The curriculum heavily incorporates arts, music, mathematics, and Mandarin language skills, with English lessons typically limited to one hour per day. These state-supported kindergartens are affordable, with monthly fees ranging from 500 to 2,000 RMB ($70 to $280 USD). Local kindergartens place significant importance on Chinese culture and the Mandarin language, deeply integrating values such as Confucianism and national holidays into their programs. However, class sizes are often large, accommodating between 30 and 50 children.

International kindergartens, on the other hand, adopt Western education methods such as IB (International Baccalaureate), Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and Waldorf. These schools offer bilingual education in English and Chinese and are particularly prevalent in major cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen. IB kindergartens are often part of larger international school systems. These schools are more expensive, with annual tuition fees typically ranging from 100,000 to 250,000 RMB ($13,700 to $34,300 USD).

Each international curriculum has its unique appeal:

Montessori: Chosen by families seeking independent, critical-thinking children who are open to individual learning from an early age.

Reggio Emilia: Favored by families who want their children actively participating in creative and collaborative group projects.

IB: Preferred by families aiming for an international education with a strong emphasis on discipline, culture, and global exposure.

Private bilingual kindergartens primarily emphasize Chinese while teaching English as a second language. The quality of these schools varies greatly, with monthly fees ranging from 3,000 to 15,000 RMB ($410 to $2,050 US).

Talent-focused kindergartens specialize in areas like art, sports, music, or dance, tailoring the curriculum to the interests of the child. Fees vary depending on the chosen program.

From kindergarten onward, children in China are often prepared for primary school entrance exams (which are not national but conducted by international schools). As a result, children enter an intense educational journey early, focusing on English, robotics, coding, and artificial intelligence, balanced with artistic and sports activities. Many of these kindergartens are equipped with cameras, allowing parents to monitor their children’s participation in class activities through mobile apps. Parents can also file complaints if dissatisfied with teachers or meals. In one recent incident, a parent rushed to a kindergarten to intervene after witnessing their child being mistreated on camera. Teachers caught abusing children are permanently banned from the profession in China. Although rare, cases of parents attacking such teachers are also met with legal consequences. Physical confrontations are uncommon in China, as “losing face” is culturally avoided.

How is Primary Education in China?

As an educator, it is nearly impossible to overlook China, a country with 143,472 schools and 106,034,691 primary school students attending them every day.

According to the 1986 Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China, compulsory education spans 9 years: 6 years of primary school and 3 years of middle school. Most children begin primary school at the age of 6 or 7. As of 2024, the enrollment rate for primary school-aged children stands at an astonishing 99.9%.

Given China’s vast size, almost like a continent, ensuring a balance in basic education between urban and rural areas is a significant challenge. The Chinese government places great emphasis on expanding compulsory education in rural, impoverished, and minority regions. A reform introduced in 1987 aimed to improve basic education in these regions by utilizing county, township, and village institutes. This integrated approach links education with local economic development and improvements in living standards, contributing to the upliftment of rural areas.

During my first year in Shanghai, I worked at one of the top schools in the Jing’an district. The open-minded Chinese director I admired greatly left the following year to volunteer at a school in Tibet. In our monthly meetings, he would connect us with the students there via video calls, enabling us to provide support and foster collaboration. Through his efforts, a “peer study support group” was created, pairing urban and rural students. This not only helped the rural students but also gave us a deeper understanding of their lives and challenges, bridging the gap between city and countryside education.

Primary School Enrollment Process in China

In China, the process of enrolling children in primary school is typically based on the hukou (户口), a household registration system. A child’s eligibility for a specific school is usually determined by the family’s hukou address, which defines the region they reside in and grants priority access to public schools in that area.

If a family lives in a city different from where their hukou is registered, the enrollment process can become more complex. Local governments in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai often implement strict policies to manage student numbers, typically requiring families to enroll their children in schools closest to their place of residence. For families aiming to enroll their children in top-tier schools in different regions, the common practice is to buy property in that area and relocate.

Public primary schools do not require an entrance exam for enrollment, as education is compulsory and every child has the right to attend school. However, families seeking admission to prestigious private schools often go to great lengths to prepare their children for the entrance exams these schools may require.

The academic year in Chinese primary schools consists of 38 weeks of instruction, an additional week reserved as a buffer, and 13 weeks of vacation spread across the year.

Core Subjects in Chinese Public Primary Schools

In Chinese public primary schools, the core curriculum focuses on a set of foundational subjects designed to build strong academic and personal development skills:

1. Chinese (Mandarin): As the primary subject, Mandarin holds significant importance in the curriculum, emphasizing language proficiency and literacy.

2. Mathematics: The second most important subject, mathematics focuses on developing students’ analytical and problem-solving abilities.

3. Science: Ranked third in importance, science lays the groundwork for understanding the natural world and fostering curiosity in scientific principles. This strong emphasis on mathematics and science contributes to the remarkable performance of Chinese students in international assessments such as PISA.

Following these core subjects, physical education holds a vital place in the curriculum. Physical activity and health education are highly valued, aiming to instill a lifelong awareness of health and fitness in students from a young age.

In addition to these subjects, the curriculum includes history, geography, and English, which is introduced starting from the third grade. Students also take lessons in art, music, and the critical subject of moral education (德育 – Deyu) and civics, which emphasize ethics, responsibility, and citizenship.

Overall, primary education in China maintains a high standard, providing students with a strong foundation for future academic success and personal growth.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education

In recent years, China has emerged as a global leader in integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into classrooms. From facial recognition technology to personalized learning programs, AI has begun transforming how students learn and teachers teach in China.

An amazing example of AI in education can be seen at Jinhua Xiaoshun Public Primary School, located in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. This school uses AI-powered cameras and software to monitor student behavior and attendance. These cameras can identify individual students and track their movements in real-time, offering teachers a valuable tool for understanding student engagement levels in class. For instance, if AI detects that some students in large classrooms are distracted, it promptly alerts the teacher, enabling quicker intervention.

AI applications also enable the creation of personalized support programs. These programs analyze students’ performance and test data to develop tailored learning plans that address each student’s strengths and weaknesses. The results are shared with teachers, school administrators, and families, allowing educators to adjust their teaching methods to better meet the needs of specific groups of students. This personalization ensures that students benefit fully from their educational experience.

Beyond classroom applications, AI is also used to analyze large volumes of educational data to develop new curricula and teaching methods. By leveraging AI’s analytical power, schools and educators are better equipped to enhance learning outcomes and adapt to the evolving needs of students and society.

Private primary schools in China are generally divided into three categories:

1. International Primary Schools: These schools offer the IB curriculum and are primarily preferred by expatriate families, as well as affluent local and upper-middle-class families. Annual tuition fees for international schools range from 200,000 to 400,000 RMB (approximately$28,571 to $57,143 USD).

2. Bilingual Primary Schools: Bilingual schools provide education in both English and Chinese, offering students a blend of local and global perspectives. Annual tuition fees for these schools typically fall between 100,000 and 200,000 RMB (approximately $13,700 to $27,400 USD).

3. Local Private Schools: These schools follow the Chinese national curriculum but enrich it with more comprehensive content and modern facilities. Annual tuition fees for local private schools range from 30,000 to 80,000 RMB (approximately $4,110 to $10,960 US).

In major cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen, around 10–15% of primary school-aged children attend private schools, while this proportion is significantly lower in smaller cities. Private schools typically admit students through entrance exams, language proficiency tests, and interviews. Their education model focuses not only on academic achievement but also on character development.

The diversity and quality of education in private schools make China’s private education system one of the most competitive in Asia.

How Do Children Learn Mandarin, a Language Far More Challenging Than English, in Primary School?

Did you know that the literacy rate among China’s adult population stands at an impressive 97%? Mandarin is considered one of the most difficult languages in the world due to its intricate characters, tonal system, vocabulary, and semantic complexity. Despite these challenges, China boasts a high literacy rate, supported by a 99.9% primary school enrollment rate and the overall quality of its basic education. To understand this achievement, let’s explore how children learn Mandarin in primary school.

The process of learning to read and write Mandarin at the primary school level in China is systematic and disciplined, shaped by the unique structure of the language.

Young learners begin with Pinyin, a phonetic system that transcribes modern Mandarin into the Latin alphabet. Pinyin serves as an essential foundation for students, helping them understand the pronunciation of sounds, syllables, and characters. Children are introduced to Pinyin either just before entering formal primary school or during the first semester of Grade 1.

By mastering Pinyin, students gain the ability to pronounce Mandarin characters correctly and have a phonetic guide that aids them in their journey toward literacy. This systematic approach ensures a smoother transition into learning the complex Chinese characters, laying the groundwork for both reading and writing skills.

Mandarin characters (hanzi) consist of specific strokes and radicals (the components that give characters meaning). Students begin by learning the fundamental stroke types—horizontal, vertical, diagonal, curved, and so on—before moving on to radicals. The writing, pronunciation, and meaning of characters are taught through repetition. Students strengthen both their muscle memory and visual recognition by writing the same character repeatedly in their notebooks, line by line. Special practice books are provided for studying characters, ensuring a structured approach to mastering them.

Young learners start with frequently used, simple characters such as “I” (我 / wǒ) and “you” (你 / nǐ). They then progress to combining these characters to practice forming basic sentences.

From Grades 1 and 2, textbooks introduce short stories, informative passages, and poems. These reading materials help students acquire new vocabulary and grammatical structures in a natural context.

Classes often begin early in the day, around 7:00 or 8:00 AM, with teachers demonstrating the correct stroke order on the board. Students follow along in their notebooks, repeating the process for accuracy. Pronunciation practice is an integral part of the classroom routine, with students frequently reading aloud to refine their tones and fluency.

After school, students typically spend around two hours on homework, which emphasizes writing, reading, and memorizing characters. This consistent practice reinforces what they’ve learned in class and helps build a solid foundation for their literacy skills.

Exams hold significant importance in Chinese language education. A key component of these exams is dictation (听写, tīngxiě), where the teacher reads out characters, and students write them down in their notebooks. Even a single incorrect stroke or a missing radical can result in point deductions, as precision is highly valued. Additionally, students are often given short passages to read, followed by questions that assess their comprehension. In higher grades, exams may include short text or paragraph writing tasks. Oral exams are also common, evaluating students’ pronunciation and fluency in speaking Mandarin.

To strengthen their children’s Mandarin reading and writing skills, many families enroll them in supplementary classes during weekends or school holidays. Given the complexity of Chinese characters, discipline and repetition are critical for success. This rigorous and consistent study approach is particularly emphasized during the primary school years, ensuring students develop a solid foundation in their language skills.

In modern times, the use of Chinese keyboards in messaging apps has simplified character selection, reducing the frequency of hand-writing characters in daily life. To address this, schools have placed increased emphasis on activities and exercises focused on the manual writing of Chinese characters, ensuring that students maintain this traditional skill despite technological advancements.

School Uniforms in China

School Uniforms in China typically fall into two distinct categories:

1. Formal Attire (blazers, shirts, ties, skirts/pants): Formal uniforms are reserved for special occasions such as flag-raising ceremonies, school celebrations, national holidays, and other significant events.

2. School Tracksuits: Tracksuits are the most commonly worn uniforms in Chinese schools. They are designed to allow students to move freely and stay comfortable during long hours of study. Tracksuits also maintain a sense of equality among students while offering a practical and relaxed clothing option. Due to their comfort and functionality, tracksuits have become a staple in Chinese schools.

The Red Scarf

The red scarf, or “hong scarf” (红领巾), holds deep symbolic meaning for children aged 6 to 14. It represents membership in the Young Pioneers, the youth wing of the Chinese Communist Party. Much like how scouts wear neckerchiefs, the red scarf is tied around the neck and serves as a visible symbol of allegiance and pride. The red scarf is a reminder of the country’s values and instills a sense of unity, discipline, and patriotism among students.

Responsibility and Discipline in China: Nurturing Independent Individuals Through Education

Children are expected to carry their responsibilities not only within the school environment but also at home. This principle is deeply rooted in both public and private schools and extends beyond primary education to even the most expensive Montessori preschools.

In Montessori schools, children as young as three are taught fundamental life skills such as tying their own shoes, eating independently, washing their dishes, cleaning tables and classrooms, and tidying up their belongings. During nap time, they learn to remove their own clothes and dress themselves again upon waking. Activities like brushing their teeth and completing similar basic tasks independently are integral to their routine. This approach aims to cultivate self-reliant, responsible, and proactive individuals from a young age.

In schools, students regularly take on responsibilities as part of their daily routines. Weekly rotation systems assign tasks such as cleaning desks, floors, and blackboards in their classrooms. These responsibilities are supervised by teachers and checked at midday and the end of the day. In boarding public and private middle schools and high schools, students are also expected to clean not only their classrooms but their dormitories as well.

Once students complete their cleaning duties, they take on another key responsibility: leading their classmates in daily eye, head, and neck exercises. These exercises are performed simultaneously across the entire school, following instructions broadcasted over the school’s speaker system. The student in charge stands at the front of the class, motivating peers and reporting any rule violations to the homeroom teacher.

Students are never tasked with cleaning restrooms. The cleaning of bathrooms and other main areas outside the classrooms is handled by professional custodial staff. This system sets a balance between fostering students’ personal and collective responsibility while ensuring hygiene standards are professionally maintained.

The Culture of Midday Naps in China

In China, midday nap time is highly valued, especially for primary and middle school students. Far from being considered laziness, this practice is seen as a way to enhance cognitive performance and restore energy. The importance of this habit extends beyond students—it is embraced by teachers at all levels and a large portion of the general population as part of traditional daily life.

In one of my personal experiences, I observed that the office where Chinese teachers worked was equipped with chairs that could recline into lounge chairs. At midday, lights were dimmed, curtains drawn, and everyone would wrap themselves in thick blankets for their nap. Interrupting someone’s nap was considered a major breach of etiquette.

This nap time typically lasts between 30 minutes and 1 hour. The brief rest in the middle of the day is regarded as a practice that not only boosts students’ energy levels but also enhances the productivity and mental clarity of workers across China. It is more than a cultural tradition—it is viewed as an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.

Although, as foreign teachers, we don’t nap every day, I’ve observed this tradition closely and occasionally adopted it, witnessing firsthand its benefits.

Middle school education in China

Middle school education in China reflects the complexity and diversity of the country’s vast population. This three-year period, typically for students aged 12 to 15, is a critical transition stage in both academic and personal development. As part of the country’s compulsory education policy, middle schools are divided into public and private institutions.

Public Middle Schools in China

Public schools form the backbone of China’s middle school system. Approximately 60,000 public middle schools serve around 60 million students nationwide. Education in these schools is free, with families only responsible for covering the cost of books and stationery. Students are generally assigned to schools near their residence based on the household registration system (hukou). While this system ensures broad access to education, it also comes with challenges, such as overcrowded classrooms, especially in major cities. In some urban schools, class sizes range from 40 to 60 students.

The curriculum in public middle schools is strictly standardized. Core subjects include mathematics, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, and moral education. In addition, history and political science classes place a strong emphasis on the history and ideology of the Chinese Communist Party. Public schools are renowned for their rigid discipline and rigorous examination systems, which demand high levels of academic performance from students. Despite its challenges, the system remains a vital part of the country’s effort to ensure widespread access to quality education.

The Critical Role of the Zhongkao Exam

At the end of middle school in China, students face the Zhongkao exam, a pivotal step that determines which high school they will attend—be it a public high school, private school, or vocational school.

The Zhongkao exam typically tests students on core subjects:

Chinese: Assesses reading comprehension, grammar, and essay-writing skills.

Mathematics: Focuses on arithmetic, algebra, and geometry.

English: Evaluates reading, listening, grammar, and vocabulary.

Science: Covers physics, chemistry, and biology.

History and Geography: Includes topics on Chinese and world history as well as basic geographical concepts.

In some regions, physical education is also included in the exam to evaluate students’ physical fitness through performance-based tests. The exact content and format of the Zhongkao can vary depending on the region, reflecting local educational policies and priorities.

Private International Middle Schools

Private schools offer a significantly different atmosphere compared to public schools. More common in major cities and economically developed regions, private middle schools typically feature smaller class sizes and modern teaching methods. Admission to these schools is usually through entrance exams or interviews, and tuition fees are quite high. As a result, private schools are primarily accessible to children from upper-middle-class and wealthy families.

The curriculum in private schools is more flexible than that of public schools. By offering international programs such as IB (International Baccalaureate) and A-Level, these schools prepare students for universities outside of China. English education is more intensive in private schools, and some institutions teach all subjects entirely in English. Additionally, students are provided with greater opportunities in fields such as music, art, and sports. These schools focus not only on academic success but also on nurturing students’ individual talents.

To promote educational equality, the Chinese government has implemented various reforms, including improving the infrastructure of schools in rural areas, enhancing the quality of teacher training, and increasing the use of technology in education. Alongside these reforms, numerous community organizations provide volunteer teachers, school supplies, and resources to rural regions, further supporting the development of education in less privileged areas.

Daily Life of Students

The daily life of middle school students in China is highly demanding, both in public and private schools. Classes typically begin at 7:00 AM and continue until late in the evening. Discipline is strictly enforced in both school systems, with mandatory uniforms and rigorous attendance monitoring.

Previously, many students attended after-school courses or private tutoring sessions. However, a 2021 decree introduced regulations to limit these activities (discussed in detail in later sections). Despite this radical reform, academic performance—especially success in the Gaokao, China’s university entrance exam—remains a significant source of stress for students in public schools.

The high expectations placed on students, combined with a structured and disciplined environment, reflect the country’s emphasis on academic achievement and its impact on students’ daily lives.

China’s “Double Reduction” Policy: Education Reform and Efforts to Boost Birth Rates

In 2021, the Chinese government implemented a radical reform aimed at reducing the academic burden on primary and middle school students while encouraging newly married couples to have children. Known as the “Double Reduction” policy (双减政策), this initiative imposed significant restrictions on after-school tutoring and private lessons, sending shockwaves across the country.

One of the main reasons behind these restrictions was the excessive financial investment families were making in their children’s education, which discouraged young couples from having children and contributed to declining birth rates. The policy also sought to reduce the academic pressure on children, alleviate the financial burden on parents caused by private tutoring, and address inequalities in educational opportunities. Additionally, the policy aimed to give children more free time to engage in activities such as play, art, and sports, promoting a more well-rounded development and reducing the intense focus on academics.

With the implementation of the Double Reduction Policy, strict restrictions were placed on after-school private education centers. This radical decision banned for-profit operations and external investments in after-school tutoring businesses. One of the most striking examples of this shift was Pearl Academy, one of China’s largest after-school language academies. Overnight, the academy underwent a dramatic transformation, laying off many teachers while pivoting its remaining staff into live-stream sales on Douyin (China’s TikTok) to sell products like fruits, vegetables, and coffee. Remarkably, these sales generated hundreds of millions of RMB. However, not every business or entrepreneur was as fortunate as Pearl. A friend of mine, who owned an after-school language school, suffered significant losses and was forced to close her business and seek other opportunities. Similarly, a laid-off English teacher gained fame by switching to motorcycle taxi driving (moto-taxi) and became a social media sensation in China.

Another major aspect of this policy was the ban on students attending courses during holidays, weekends, or after regular school hours. This change was designed to encourage children to spend more time in school and rely on their teachers for academic support, rather than seeking additional tutoring outside. As a result, schoolteachers were able to earn extra pay for providing additional assistance to their students within the school environment.

Despite the closure of numerous private tutoring centers, many families in major cities opted for individual private tutors, leading to the emergence of an underground tutoring market.

Although China has taken bold steps to reduce competition in education, ease academic pressures, and encourage couples to have more children, the implementation of these reforms varies significantly across regions. In large cities, determined Chinese families, eager to secure better educational opportunities for their children, continue to find ways to push boundaries. After all, in China, education is a priority that knows no limits:)

High school education in China

High school education in China is not compulsory, as mandatory education covers only the nine years of primary and middle school. Despite this, the proportion of students attending high school is remarkably high. As of 2023, the enrollment rate for high school education in China exceeds 90%, reflecting the country’s significant investment in its education system.

There are over 30 million high school students in China, spread across various types of high schools. Nationwide, there are more than 25,000 high schools, an impressive figure that underscores the country’s ability to provide access to education for its vast population. This extensive reach and high enrollment rate highlight China’s commitment to fostering educational opportunities, even beyond the compulsory years. It also serves as a foundation for preparing students for further academic or vocational paths.

Public High Schools in China

Public high schools make up the largest segment of high school education in China. These schools primarily focus on preparing students for the Gaokao, the highly competitive national university entrance exam.

The curriculum in public high schools is determined by the Ministry of Education and places a strong emphasis on the following subjects:

1. Mathematics

2. Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)

3. Chinese Language

4. English

5. Social Sciences (History, Geography, Politics)

Classes typically begin at 7:00 or 7:30 AM and may end at 4:30 PM, though in many cases—especially in boarding schools—they extend into late evening hours.

The atmosphere in these schools is highly competitive, as students’ success in the Gaokao determines their university placements. This exam-centric system creates immense pressure, with students dedicating most of their time and energy to academic preparation. The reliance solely on exam results for university admission intensifies this stress, making Gaokao a defining moment in the lives of Chinese high school students.

Atatürk in Chinese High School History Textbooks

Did you know that Chinese public high school history textbooks highlight Atatürk, the founder of Turkish Republic, and his leadership, his adoption of secularism, educational reforms, and advancements in women’s rights?

For example, in middle school and particularly in the second-year high school history textbook, there is a four-page section titled “The Founder of Modern Turkey: Mustafa Kemal.” This section examines Atatürk as a pivotal figure in Turkey’s transformation from the Ottoman Empire into a modern nation-state. The curriculum emphasizes Atatürk’s reforms, particularly in secularism, women’s rights, and education. Given China’s focus on modernization, Atatürk’s role in driving these changes is highlighted as a key example.

Chinese students also learn about the significance of Turkey’s War of Independence, Atatürk’s leadership, and the resilience of the Turkish people. Atatürk’s efforts to establish Turkey as a secular state resonate with China’s approach to secularism, making his leadership a point of reference. Additionally, the language reform led by Atatürk, which introduced the Latin alphabet, is compared to China’s own simplified script reform, drawing parallels between the two countries’ modernization journeys.

Through this four-page section, Chinese students gain a deeper understanding of Atatürk and his contributions to Turkey’s progress. I’m certain this knowledge will fill Turkish citizens with pride, just as it did for me. When I first learned about this, I felt an overwhelming sense of joy and pride that brought tears to my eyes.

Vocational High Schools in China

Vocational high schools in China are crucial institutions designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills required for the workforce. These schools provide secondary-level technical and vocational education, preparing students for careers in industries such as manufacturing, technology, services, and agriculture.

The curriculum at vocational schools combines general academic subjects, such as Chinese and mathematics, with specialized training in technical and professional fields. Students also benefit from internship opportunities and practical training in their chosen vocational areas, allowing them to gain hands-on experience and better prepare for future employment.

A Key Investment in Workforce Development

The majority of vocational high schools in China are publicly funded and managed by the government, although some private vocational schools also exist. With over 10,000 vocational schools nationwide, these institutions educate more than 16 million students, representing approximately 40% of all secondary school students.

Vocational schools offer training across a broad range of fields, including industrial manufacturing, information technology, healthcare, finance, arts, and design. The government’s significant investments in these schools have driven modernization in vocational education, ensuring that students acquire the skills needed to meet labor market demands. Furthermore, partnerships between vocational schools and the industrial sector have been established, significantly enhancing students’ post-graduation employment prospects.

In 2019, the government launched the “Vocational Education Reform Plan“, introducing measures to improve the quality of education. These reforms included modernizing laboratories and placing greater emphasis on practical training programs, ensuring students acquire skills that align with industry demands.

Vocational schools offer several advantages, including equipping students with professional skills at an early age, preparing them for the workforce, and ensuring high post-graduation employment rates. However, these schools are often perceived as less prestigious than academic high schools in China. Additionally, some regions face challenges related to the uneven quality of education, which can hinder their overall effectiveness. Despite these challenges, vocational education remains a critical component of China’s strategy to build a skilled and capable workforce.

Vocational high school students in China have the right to take the Gaokao, the national university entrance exam. However, their preparation process often differs significantly from that of academic high school students. The curriculum in vocational schools is primarily focused on technical and practical training, leaving less emphasis on traditional academic subjects. As a result, students who wish to take the Gaokao typically seek additional classes or private tutoring to prepare adequately.

Your ads will be inserted here by

Easy Plugin for AdSense.

Please go to the plugin admin page to
Paste your ad code OR
Suppress this ad slot.

In addition to the standard academic Gaokao, vocational students can opt for a specialized version known as the Vocational Gaokao (职业高考). This version is tailored to assess technical skills and knowledge specific to the fields studied in vocational schools. Through the Vocational Gaokao, students can apply to certain university programs that align with their technical training.

Vocational school graduates are generally considered suitable for admission to applied sciences universities (应用型大学) or technical colleges (技术学院), where they can further develop their skills in specialized areas. This pathway provides an important bridge between vocational education and higher education, ensuring that students can pursue advanced studies in their chosen fields. Some students opt to take specialized vocational education exams instead of the Gaokao, allowing them to gain admission to higher vocational colleges (高等职业学院) or technical institutes (技术学院).

International Departments of Public High Schools (Private Sections)

Some public high schools in China have established international departments, which cater to students aiming to study abroad. While these departments require tuition fees, they are specifically designed to prepare students for higher education outside China.

International departments implement globally recognized curricula such as A-Level, IB, AP, and IGCSE (explained in detail later). Classes are typically conducted in English, and students are also guided to prepare for essential standardized tests like the SAT, TOEFL, and IELTS required for admission to overseas universities.

Unlike the traditional focus on the Gaokao, these departments prioritize international exams, aligning their teaching and resources toward helping students gain admission to universities in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. This international approach distinguishes these programs from the standard public high school curriculum and offers a pathway tailored for global opportunities.

International Schools in China

International schools in China primarily cater to the children of foreign nationals and affluent local families, particularly those in the upper middle and wealthy classes. These schools offer globally recognized curricula such as IB, A-Level, AP, and Cambridge IGCSE, providing students with a pathway to prestigious universities worldwide.

Typically located outside city centers, these schools are spread across vast campuses resembling university grounds. They often provide boarding options, with dormitories arranged to separate boys and girls within rooms, though the buildings and floors are co-educational. The language of instruction is usually English, though some schools cater to specific communities with education offered in German, French, Italian, or Korean, depending on the school’s focus. The education system emphasizes both academic excellence and social development, integrating social responsibility projects, arts, and sports activities to help students stand out during university applications.

Students at these schools often work tirelessly to secure admission to prestigious universities abroad. Education at international schools comes with an extremely high price tag, matching the costs of top international schools worldwide, as they prioritize premium-quality education and global competitiveness.

Bilingual Schools in China

Bilingual schools in China combine elements of the Chinese national curriculum with international curricula, offering instruction in both Chinese and English. These schools are designed to prepare students for both Chinese universities and international institutions, providing a versatile pathway that accommodates a wide range of academic goals.

Like international schools, bilingual schools are often located outside city centers, featuring large campuses that resemble university settings. They also offer boarding options, following similar dormitory arrangements as international schools. Rooms are separated by gender, but the buildings and floors are typically co-educational, reflecting a more integrated living approach.

By blending local and global education systems, bilingual schools aim to equip students with the skills and qualifications needed to thrive in diverse academic and cultural environments, ensuring they are well-prepared for their future endeavors.

Education at bilingual schools in China is highly intensive and comes with a significant financial cost. However, these schools provide students with a unique opportunity to gain an international perspective, combining two educational systems to offer a wide range of opportunities.

Bilingual schools often include international culture classes, covering topics such as foreign cultures, making friends, romantic relationships, individualism, and other life skills to prepare students for real-world experiences.

The intense Gaokao preparation in public high schools, the global university aspirations in international schools, and the hybrid approach in bilingual schools reflect the remarkable diversity of China’s education system.

High school students in China experience the most demanding period of their academic journey. Beyond regular school hours, they spend their evenings and weekends attending additional lessons and courses, dedicating nearly all their waking hours to studying.

With a population of 1.4 billion, students understand that standing out and achieving success requires dedicated effort and access to quality education.

Gaokao: China’s Grueling University Entrance Exam

The Gaokao, China’s national university entrance exam, is one of the cornerstones of the country’s education system. In 2024, the number of students taking the Gaokao reached a record-breaking 13.4 million, highlighting its immense significance.

The term “Gaokao” translates to “high exam,” and it represents a major turning point not only for students but also for their families. Beyond assessing academic achievement, the Gaokao tests students’ abilities to manage stress, demonstrate resilience, and perform under intense competition.

Held annually in June, the Gaokao takes place on the same dates nationwide and spans two to three days. Scores from this exam are the sole determining factor for admission to Chinese universities, making it the definitive test of China’s education system. The results heavily influence students’ university placements and career trajectories.

Preparation for the Gaokao begins years in advance. Students attending public high schools typically start focusing on this critical exam as early as middle school. During high school, the entire curriculum is tailored toward Gaokao preparation, with students dedicating long hours to study from early morning until late at night.

For most students, every day of the week is consumed by intensive study sessions, whether at school, in tutoring centers, or at home. This relentless schedule leaves little to no room for leisure or social activities.

The pressure during this period is immense, with families playing a crucial role in supporting their children’s academic efforts. Many parents invest heavily in private tutoring to boost their children’s performance and often limit participation in extracurricular activities to ensure maximum focus on academics. This combination of societal, educational, and familial expectations creates a high-pressure environment for students as they prepare for one of the most critical milestones in their lives.

The Gaokao measures not only academic knowledge but also critical abilities such as speed, focus, and perseverance. The questions are typically challenging and require in-depth understanding across various subjects. The highly competitive nature of the exam, coupled with China’s vast population, places millions of students in a ranking system determined solely by their exam results. Each university and program has its own score threshold, and admission to prestigious institutions requires exceptionally high scores.

For example, gaining admission to top-tier universities like Peking University or Tsinghua University demands nearly perfect results on the Gaokao. These institutions set the benchmark for academic excellence in China, and only a small fraction of test-takers achieve the scores required to enroll.

The results of the Gaokao are typically announced within a month of the exam. Based on their scores, students select and apply to universities, shaping the course of their academic and professional futures.

On exam days, special measures are implemented to ensure a quiet and stress-free environment. Traffic is stopped in areas near testing centers, construction work is suspended, and strict noise control policies are enforced. For students with disabilities, accommodations are thoughtfully arranged; for example, Braille exam papers are prepared in advance for visually impaired candidates.

The results of the Gaokao determine not only students’ academic and career paths but also highlight the rigorous and competitive nature of China’s education system.

Over the years, Gaokao admission rates have seen fluctuations. In 2019, the acceptance rate was 88%, rising above 90% in 2020. However, in 2022, the rate declined to 85%, with 10.1 million out of 11.9 million applicants being admitted to universities.

Foreign Curricula in China

International schools and private sections offering foreign curricula in China provide students with a wealth of academic and intellectual development opportunities. Programs like IB (International Baccalaureate), A-Level, AP (Advanced Placement), and Cambridge IGCSE are tailored to meet the specific requirements of universities in different countries.

These curricula equip students with a comprehensive academic foundation while fostering critical thinking skills, preparing them for success in higher education and beyond. Additionally, the results achieved in these programs are often recognized as credits by foreign universities, enhancing students’ chances of obtaining conditional or direct acceptance into prestigious institutions worldwide.

IB (International Baccalaureate) The IB Diploma Programme is a globally recognized curriculum that offers a broad academic framework, preparing students for university education around the world.

The program requires students to take courses from six subject groups:

Language and Literature: Focuses on literature and language skills in English, Chinese, or another native language.

Second Language: Options include Spanish, French, or Mandarin, among others.

Individuals and Societies: Includes subjects like Economics, Business Management (which are also part of some middle school curricula), Psychology, and World History.

Sciences: Covers Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Systems.

Mathematics: Offers options like Applied Mathematics or Advanced Mathematics.

Arts: Includes Visual Arts, Music, or Theatre.

In addition to these courses, students must fulfill the following requirements: Extended Essay: A research-based essay on a topic of their choice, showcasing independent inquiry skills.

Theory of Knowledge (TOK): A course encouraging critical thinking about the nature of knowledge.

CAS (Creativity, Activity, Service): Involves participation in artistic, physical, and community service projects to develop well-rounded individuals.

High scores in the IB program provide a significant advantage during the university application process, particularly for institutions in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Europe. The program is highly regarded for its emphasis on critical thinking, research, and a holistic approach to education.

A-Level (Advanced Level)

The A-Level curriculum, originating from the United Kingdom, allows students to focus on subjects they wish to specialize in for their future studies.

Typically, students select three to four subjects from the following areas: Mathematics and Advanced Mathematics

Physics, Chemistry, Biology

Economics and Business

Psychology and Sociology

Art and Design

History and Geography

As a curriculum emphasizing in-depth expertise, A-Level is highly regarded, particularly for applications to universities in the United Kingdom. Students’ results are often directly linked to their chosen fields of study. For instance, a student aspiring to study engineering can significantly enhance their chances of admission by achieving A+ grades in Mathematics and Physics.

AP (Advanced Placement)

The AP program, developed in the United States, prepares students for American universities by offering college-level courses in high school. Students take AP courses and exams in various subjects, enabling them to earn college credits before even starting university.

The AP curriculum includes a wide range of options:

Economics: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

Business Management

Psychology

American Government and Politics

American History

Sciences and Mathematics: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Statistics, Calculus (AB and BC levels)

Engineering Fundamentals and Computer Science

Environmental Science

By achieving high scores on AP exams, students can gain college credits, allowing them to skip introductory courses in university. For example, a student scoring well on the AP U.S. History exam would not need to retake the course in college, saving time and tuition costs. The AP program is highly regarded for its academic rigor and provides students with a competitive edge in the American university admissions process, while also offering opportunities for academic acceleration.

Cambridge IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education) and Cambridge A-Level

The Cambridge IGCSE  is an internationally recognized curriculum offered at the middle and high school levels. It provides a broad range of subjects, including Mathematics, Sciences, English, Economics, and History, among others. The program focuses on developing students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills, preparing them for academic and real-world challenges.

The Cambridge A-Level is an advanced continuation of the IGCSE, specifically designed for university preparation. This program allows students to specialize in subjects related to their intended field of study, offering an in-depth academic foundation that is highly regarded by universities worldwide.

The international curricula implemented in China not only prepare students for admission to overseas universities but also equip them for global careers and life. Graduates of such rigorous and well-rounded systems enter the world with a broad perspective, ready to thrive at prestigious universities worldwide and take on the challenges of an increasingly interconnected global landscape.

At one of the schools where I previously taught, I had a student named Ted. His mother, an economics professor, was deeply involved in his education and often shared how I had inspired her son to love economics. She would occasionally message me about Ted’s summer activities, which were nothing short of impressive.

During the summers, Ted gained hands-on experience by working at Starbucks and McDonald’s, taking roles both in the kitchen and at the cash register. He also managed to secure internships at major investment banks and participated in summer school programs at universities abroad.

Even during school breaks, Ted would find me between classes to discuss case studies from economics books he had borrowed from the library. His curiosity and drive were extraordinary. Ted’s hard work paid off when he was accepted to MIT, and now, he’s set to graduate this year.

Chinese Students Studying Abroad in 2023

As of 2023, approximately 1,021,303 Chinese students are pursuing education abroad. A significant portion of these students have chosen destinations such as the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada for their studies.

Interest in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) has seen substantial growth among Chinese students. During the 2022-2023 academic year, 62.5% of Chinese students studying abroad opted for programs in these areas, reflecting the country’s strong emphasis on technological and scientific advancements.

Encouraging the Return of Chinese Students Studying Abroad

A significant number of Chinese students who pursue education abroad return to their home country after graduation. To facilitate and encourage this trend, the Chinese government has implemented various initiatives under the “Talent Return Program“. This program provides overseas graduates with research grants, entrepreneurial support, and academic positions at universities.

For instance, Chinese graduates from prestigious universities in the United Kingdom are offered ready-made job opportunities and a €25,000 incentive payment upon their return. My Chinese neighbor’s son is one of those who benefited this program, successfully transitioning back to China.

These incentives are part of a broader strategy to enhance China’s capacity for scientific research and innovation. By creating comprehensive support mechanisms, the government aims to leverage the expertise and experiences of students educated abroad to contribute to national development. These policies are designed to reverse brain drain and encourage talented individuals to bring back the skills and knowledge they have acquired, reinforcing China’s ambitions to remain a global leader in technology, innovation, and economic growth.

As of 2023, 84% of Chinese students who graduated from universities abroad returned to China after completing their education. This high return rate reflects the success of government policies and incentives aimed at attracting talent back to the country, reinforcing China’s drive for innovation and development.

University Education in China

In recent years, China has emerged as one of the most prominent countries in higher education globally. The growing number of universities, rising academic quality, and the strategic support from the government have positioned China not only as a key academic hub in Asia but also on a global scale.

Cities like Beijing and Shanghai are home to China’s most prestigious universities, recognized for their academic excellence and high standings in international rankings. Institutions in these cities attract students from across the world with their robust academic programs, cutting-edge research opportunities, and strong global collaborations.

China’s education system combines traditional disciplines with innovative fields aligned with the government’s future-focused strategies. This includes fostering expertise in STEM, artificial intelligence, and other emerging areas, reflecting the country’s commitment to becoming a global leader in education, research, and technological innovation.

China’s university system is predominantly shaped by the Gaokao exam. Students who achieve high scores on this national entrance exam gain access to prestigious institutions such as Peking University (ranked 14th in the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings) and Tsinghua University (ranked 12th in the same rankings). These two universities are often referred to as China’s Harvard and MIT. Both universities attract top students nationwide, with high demand for programs in engineering, medicine, business, law, and the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence (AI).

Peking University is renowned for its strength in social sciences and humanities, with a legacy of producing many of China’s leaders. Tsinghua University is a leader in engineering, technology, and sciences, consistently pioneering research in cutting-edge fields.

In Shanghai, prominent institutions like Fudan University (ranked 44th in the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (ranked 43rd in the same rankings – one of the universities where I’ve taught in the Executive Business Administration (EBA) program) stand out as centers of academic excellence.

Fudan University is renowned for its strengths in social sciences, business, and media studies, attracting students who aim to excel in these fields. Shanghai Jiao Tong University is a leader in engineering, maritime studies, and technological innovation, playing a pivotal role in advancing China’s research capabilities in these areas.

Join Me at a Graduation Ceremony at Shanghai University!

In this video, we talk with newly graduated Chinese students about their future plans. You can watch these special moments through the link below. Don’t forget to come back once you’ve finished watching!

Popular Fields of Study in Chinese Universities

In China, the most popular university majors traditionally include economics, business, engineering, medicine, law, and information technology. However, in recent years, fields like artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and biotechnology have rapidly gained popularity. These areas have become focal points for investment, driven by the strategic policies of the Chinese government.

The Chinese government has adopted policies aimed at establishing global leadership in AI and technology sectors. Diversifying university curricula and research programs has become a key priority. While continuing to support traditional STEM fields like engineering and computer science, the government has also encouraged interdisciplinary studies. This approach seeks to bridge the gap between technology and social sciences, fostering innovative programs that explore connections between AI and areas such as ethics, law, and economics.

For example, new academic departments have been created to examine the implications of AI in legal frameworks, ethical considerations, and economic systems, preparing students to address the challenges of a rapidly evolving technological landscape.

China’s Commitment to AI Leadership and Regional Academic Hubs

Under the “Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan” launched in 2017, China has set an ambitious goal to become the global leader in artificial intelligence (AI) by 2030. Beijing and Shanghai have emerged as the central hubs of China’s AI ecosystem, with approximately 210,000 companies operating in the field of AI as of 2020. This rapid growth has led to the establishment of AI laboratories and increased research funding within Chinese universities.

Beyond Beijing and Shanghai, other cities also host prominent universities contributing to China’s technological and academic advancement:

Nanjing University: Known for its expertise in science and technology, it has become a cornerstone for cutting-edge research in these fields.

Zhejiang University: Recognized for its innovation-driven initiatives, this institution leads the way in fostering entrepreneurial and technological advancements.

Wuhan University: A leader in geographic information systems (GIS) and medical research, it is highly regarded both regionally and internationally.

These universities, along with others across the country, provide a competitive education environment, combining regional strengths with global standards to position China as a leader in education and technological innovation.

China’s AI Education Policies: From Kindergarten to Universities

China’s education policies in artificial intelligence (AI) extend far beyond universities, reaching as early as the kindergarten level. The government has prioritized introducing subjects like coding to students at a young age, laying the groundwork for technological literacy and innovation from the start of their education.

At the university level, AI education is heavily integrated with industry partnerships. Practical training programs allow students to participate in real-world projects, bridging the gap between academic learning and workplace demands. These programs equip graduates with hands-on experience, enabling them to adapt quickly to the professional world and meet the needs of China’s rapidly growing technology-driven economy.

China’s Shift Towards Holistic Education: Bridging STEM and Humanities

While engineering and technology graduates remain the cornerstone of China’s national development strategies, the government has increasingly emphasized the importance of intellectual and creative skills. To achieve a balanced and forward-thinking workforce, social sciences, humanities, and arts have gained prominence alongside traditional STEM education. This policy shift aims to equip students in technology and engineering fields with broader knowledge in ethics, social awareness, economics, and policy.

As a result, interdisciplinary courses such as AI and Ethics or Sustainable Engineering have been integrated into engineering curricula. These courses encourage students to approach technological challenges with a comprehensive understanding of societal impacts and global issues.

Promoting Cultural Strength Alongside Technological Dominance

China’s ambition to assert itself as a cultural powerhouse on the global stage is evident in its academic policies. Universities such as Fudan University and Peking University have launched new programs to advance the fields of arts and humanities. Students are being encouraged to explore subjects like philosophy, history, linguistics, and art. These areas not only enrich students’ critical thinking and creativity but also prepare them for leadership roles in industries that value innovation and cultural insight.

Creative Industries and Societal Solutions

The integration of art and design into education reflects China’s recognition of the growing significance of creative industries. These disciplines nurture creativity and problem-solving skills, qualities that are increasingly valued in both the academic and professional worlds. Moreover, the government is actively encouraging students to address social inequalities, environmental challenges, and sustainability through studies in social sciences and public policy. These fields offer the tools needed to analyze and tackle pressing societal issues.

This holistic approach to education ensures that China is not only at the forefront of technological innovation but also fostering a generation of culturally and socially conscious leaders prepared to shape the future.

While the government continues to prioritize engineering and technology, it is also emphasizing the importance of arts and social sciences to solidify China’s position as both an innovation leader and a cultural powerhouse on the global stage. This interdisciplinary strategy is now a hallmark of Chinese universities.

China as a Global Academic Destination

The dynamic and diverse nature of China’s university system has made it an attractive option for not only domestic but also international students. Currently, there are 77,000 foreign students pursuing higher education in China, with over 90% self-funded. This growing international interest reflects China’s increasing prominence as a global academic hub, combining its technological advancements with rich cultural and academic opportunities.

International students studying in China hail from over 170 countries and regions, with the majority coming from countries such as South Korea, Japan, the United States, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Germany, Russia, Nepal, France, Australia, and Malaysia. These students predominantly choose subjects unique to China, such as Chinese language, culture, history, and traditional medicine. However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in interest in fields like law, finance and economics, accounting, and STEM disciplines, including engineering and the sciences.

The Chinese government has implemented various measures to attract more international students to its universities. These include:

Housing Flexibility: Allowing international students to rent accommodations in local neighborhoods where Chinese residents live, fostering integration and cultural exchange.

Bilingual Graduate Programs: Offering graduate-level courses in both English and Chinese to accommodate students with varying levels of proficiency in the Chinese language.

These efforts create a more inclusive and diverse educational environment, making it a global academic hub that offers unique cultural and academic experiences.

Higher Education Expansion and Top Business Schools in China

China’s higher education sector is experiencing rapid growth, with over 3,000 colleges and universities, of which two-thirds are public and one-third are private. These institutions collectively host more than 44 million students, reflecting the nation’s robust commitment to advancing education.

China is home to some of the world’s most prestigious business schools, which cater to both domestic and international demand. Among these are:

China Europe International Business School (CEIBS): Renowned for its global reputation and focus on producing business leaders for an interconnected world.

Alibaba Business School: A top-tier institution where I have taught, specializing in e-commerce, digital transformation, and entrepreneurship, aligning with China’s leadership in technology and innovation.

Skema European Business School: Another institution where I have had the privilege of teaching. Skema offers a unique opportunity for students to complete their final year across its international campuses in cities around the world. This immersive experience allows students to explore different cultures while building global business networks.

From a Manufacturing Hub to a Global Economic Powerhouse

China’s education policies have transformed the nation from being recognized merely as a hub for low-cost labor to becoming a global leader in technology and a significant player in the world economy. In the 1980s, China’s economy was heavily reliant on the production of low-value goods. However, strategic investments in education, prioritization of science and technology, and aspirations for global leadership in areas such as artificial intelligence have fundamentally reshaped this narrative.

Back in the 1980s, China contributed to just 2% of the global GDP, but by 2023, it accounted for approximately 18%, solidifying its position as the world’s second-largest economy.

In education, the transformation has been equally remarkable. In 2000, the number of students enrolled in higher education was 8 million, whereas by 2023, this number had skyrocketed to over 44 million. This immense growth reflects China’s commitment to fostering a skilled and educated workforce, enabling its evolution into a global innovation and economic leader.

China’s Leadership in Technology and the Role of Education

When it comes to technology, China holds 65% of the world’s AI patents and leads innovation with tech giants like Huawei, Tencent, and Alibaba. This dominance highlights how education can serve not just individual aspirations but also as the cornerstone of national development.

China’s remarkable rise, driven by its commitment to education, serves as a compelling example for all developing nations. It showcases the transformative power of prioritizing learning and innovation on a national scale.

If you’ve made it this far, we’ve explored how education has the potential to reshape an entire country. If these insights inspired you, please share this thread and raise awareness.

In my next post, we’ll delve deeper into China’s economic and technological transformation. Stay tuned!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

CommentLuv badge